Operating Systems control the function of computers and computer networks.  Windows Vista, UNIX/LINUX, Windows Active Directory, and Windows Exchange Server are examples of operating systems.

Network Administrators represent a group of careers that utilize knowledge of operating systems.  They are responsible for the maintenance of computer network hardware and software. This responsibility normally includes the deployment, configuration, maintenance and monitoring of active network equipment. A related role is that of the network specialist, or network analyst, who concentrate on network design and security. 

Network administration commonly includes activities such as network address assignment, assignment of routing protocols and routing table configuration as well as configuration of authentication and authorization – directory services. Network specialists and analysts concentrate on the network design and security, particularly troubleshooting and/or debugging network-related problems. Their work can also include the maintenance of the network's authorization infrastructure, as well as network backup systems.